Friday, October 15, 2021

Elizabeth Rudnick's The Curse of Maleficent: The Tale of A Sleeping Beauty

Introduction: Background of the Author

Elizabeth Rudnick

Elizabeth Rudnick is a contemporary fantasy fictional writer, who works at Disney Press in New York as a senior editor. She was born in Circa (around) 1972. She is a woman who made her passion into profession. She did American Civilization major at Middlebury College, Vermont that focused on Literature. Her senior thesis work was on ‘Women in science fiction films’ where she thought it was fun but was not fully into it until her Professor, Evans addressed a course at Columbia for publishing. She applied for that course and got selected and entered into the world of Fantasy literature. She focused on children’s fiction , young adult fiction and romance. She is also a bibliophile. The notable writers who inspired her were Jane Austen, William Faulkner, and Ursula LeGuinn. Other novels written by Rudnick are Tomorrowland, Beauty and the Beast, The Lone Rangers and A Frozen Heart.

Writing Style

Elizabeth Rudnick works are simple and communicable in nature. She employs free style in sentences which distinguishes her as a host for many readers. Her literary work is directed to all ages mostly to children and young adults. Her fantasy characters are created in an imaginative way which is far beyond the present reality and it also leads the readers to immerse in an illusion of the created world. Women characters play the most dominant and central role in her novels. Her work features supernatural elements and deceptions to portray her feelings through nature as a core to represent life. Most of her works were set in the time of reign of an old century period in order to capture the readers in a different environment. Her works are in British Language and it can be described as an Imaginative Pellucid Stream. Her novels and novelization are adapted into movies or written after movie so the stories conveyed are very reflective with continuous movement in the story with subsequent plots. The novels are divided into many segments and each part contains sequential sentences that enables the readers to understand more clearly. She has a broad vision as an Ecofeminist writer where in her novel, nature taps the central theme in most of her works. Some of the novels were the reimagination of the other famous works.  She has brought many different perspectives in the field of fantasy and fiction novel. Elizabeth Rudnick has now been the representative of 21st century Modernist writer. She is also depicted as the Imaginary Queen of Fantasy and Fiction or F Two.

Background of the novel

Fantasy Fiction is a genre of writing in Literature. The plot often involves witchcraft and it takes place in another planet. The genre of the selected novel, The Curse of Maleficent: The Tale of a Sleeping Beauty is Fantasy Fiction. In reality, this genre of writing cannot be applied because it involves magic, myths and witchcraft.  The origin and evolution of such imaginary fairy tales can be traced back to European middle ages. The nature of fantasy fiction is beyond imagination and involves imaginary characters such as supernatural animals and evildoers. The earlier fantasy works were created by George MacDonald and J. R.R. Tolkein. A pivotal role is being played by symbolism in fantasy fiction through the usage of supernatural figures being traced out in earlier folklores. Sometimes, it is argued that these supernatural elements are treated to be functions of individuals and communities.

Summary of the novel

A forest realm with magical creatures abut to the kingdom of humans. Maleficent, a powerful faerie protecting the moor with her big dragging wings was brought up by other faeries after her parents were murdered by humans. Maleficent as a young naive girl, saves Stefan who came to moor and fell in love with him. James, the king of humans wanted to conquer the forest. Maleficent brutally defeated him. He announced that whoever killed Maleficent would claim the throne and will be married to his daughter, Leila. Due to Stefan’s ambition to become a king, he drugged Maleficent and cut her wings to become the king. After his betrayal, Maleficent became a dark evil faerie. When Aurora, the daughter of King Stefan was being christened, Maleficent arrives at the palace and cursed the baby saying that she will fall asleep permanently on her 16th birthday when she pricks her finger on the needle of a spinning spindle wheel. Stefan pleads for mercy but she tells that only true love’s kiss will be the solution for the curse. Stefan destroys all the spinning wheel in the kingdom and Aurora was sent as a baby to woods with three pixies, but at the same time he tried to kill Maleficent. Maleficent reached Aurora's place and raised Aurora behind her shadow. Maleficent started to regret for the curse that she gave for Aurora. Aurora wished to be with Maleficent in the forest and she considers her to be a Godmother faerie. When Aurora came to know about her past life from the pixies, she ran to the kingdom to see her father but he locks her in a room. Being attracted by the curse, Aurora pricked her finger on the needle of a spinning spindle wheel. Maleficent's kiss saved Aurora from the eternal sleep. Stefan waged a war against Maleficent. Aurora released the wings of Maleficent in order to gain power. Stefan dies by falling from the tower. At the end of the novel, Aurora, Maleficent and Diaval return to the forest. Maleficent calls Aurora as the Queen of Moor’s who would make peace between human and magical creatures.

Character Analysis

Maleficent

Maleficent resembles her mother Hermia, who was a beautiful faerie with long, dark locks, a tall, human-sized frame and magnified black wings. Her eyes inherited from her father, Lysander whose eyes sparkled like glowing Jade pools. Maleficent believed in her late parents hope that there are good humans and they could also have a good relationship with them to live in peace and harmony. Maleficent’s first love was Stefan, a human, whom she trusted and treasured because she taught that he was the one whom her parents waited for. Her dream never lasted long. The humans attacked the moor. Inspite of the relationship with the humans, she stood-up for Moors, her motherland and even risked her life to protect them. Maleficent took the responsibility for the Moors. She fought against the king like a faerie warrior with gigantic feathered claws. She was very determined that the Moors cannot be captivated by anyone. After this fight, Maleficent was disheartened by the human behavior and she feared that this attack may affect her relationship with Stefan. Therefore, she left the moors and she also thought that her wedding with Stefan will be a truce for such an unfriendly situation. Maleficent believed Stefan and went out of the Moors for the sake of her true affection towards Moors and Stefan. But a news came that Maleficent’s wings were stolen by Stefan, the human to get the throne. Even though the part of the cut off wings was painful, the most deepest wound was the betrayal of her so called love, Stefan. This pain of disloyalty changed the good faerie to an evil one. Maleficent, now so-called evil faerie with dark look returned to the moors. She created a thorn wall around the moors. This symbolizes that she covered her true-self with a rough and harsh outlook. She came to know that the king, Stefan is christening his daughter, Aurora.  She cursed his beloved daughter and then when Stefan pleaded, she gave a remedy which Stefan didn’t possess, a True love’s kiss. Even though, she had made herself rough and tough outside, her kindness is revealed by her heart when he pleaded. She never expressed that in her face. If she was really such an evil person she would have left the place but, she gave a solution to Stefan. The pixies took baby Aurora to the cottage, thinking that Maleficent would not find them. But, Maleficent accompanied them. Baby Aurora started to cry in hunger but pixies never knew how to feed Aurora. The baby stopped its cry and slept suddenly because of Maleficent. She was with Aurora but never revealed her face to her. But Aurora knew that her faerie Godmother was with her always. After eight years, an unexpected war happened where Aurora was also there. Maleficent made a note that Aurora should not be afraid and made her to float in her dream. Maleficent made Aurora to feel the vision of her dream. Her experience made her hesitant to believe in a human again, because Aurora was Stefan’s daughter , Maleficent feared that his greed would have inherited in her. But Maleficent couldn’t resist the absence of Aurora , so she goes to Aurora and takes her  to the moors. Maleficent enjoyed seeing Aurora playing in the moors. Earlier Maleficent used to think twice before she spoke to Aurora but, later she answered to her questions immediately.  Maleficent taught Aurora new things about moors everyday. No longer Maleficent can hold the truth that she was the one who cursed Aurora. Aurora wished to stay with Maleficent but unexpectedly the pixies had revealed the truth that Aurora has been cursed. Hearing the truth, she ran to the castle to see her father. Maleficent knew that if Aurora went to the castle, the curse will definitely catch hold of her and so, she tried to stop her but she failed in her attempt. When Maleficent found Aurora, it was too late because already she was in her death sleep. Maleficent cried her heart out and kissed her forehead. The curse upon Aurora was vanished and Maleficent realized her mistake when she met Aurora and found that she was not harmful but somehow reflected her own self. She herself recognized that she loved Aurora and she can’t live without her only when she came to know that she will be no more. She was the one who gave Aurora a second birth. This is the nature of Maleficent. Even though she is dark , harsh and cold , deep inside her was the true love which no one possessed. The Curse of hatred paved a way to identify the true motherly love within Maleficent.

Aurora

Aurora wanted to see and meet new people as she grew only with her aunts, nature, the shadow of her godmother and a bird. She was left alone by herself mostly. She had a thirst to explore the moors. Her curiosity raised to see what is there behind the moors. Aurora started to realize that her true place is in the moor, the faerie realm rather than with human beings. She began to see her feelings of the world into two parts such as human and faerie. Though she is a human, her attraction turned towards nature. She admired the night in the moor, that strolled among the faeries and their stories. She experienced a different atmosphere which made her to enjoy each thing in the moor. She had a great attachment with the faeries and she also connected emotionally with them as a family. She had love for nature and she also loved the change of seasons. Aurora wandered the woods exclaiming the beauty in every tree and she also wished to be a tree. She had not felt all alone, because she loved the forest very much. She was delighted to sleep in trees, eat and live with faeries as friends. It depicted her true feeling for fairy land. She considered it as her best days of young life. Aurora thought that her faerie godmother kept her safe and watched over her from childhood. She did not get scared of the mysterious place for the first time. As she spent time in the Moors, she grew affectionate towards Maleficent. Aurora claimed her godmother as a friend .When Aurora met Prince Phillip, her heart flustered, but she remembered  Moors.  When she became aware of her past, happiness shattered and everything seemed different to her. She ran to her faerie godmother whom she trusted very much but felt like being pricked by thousand needles when she was revealed with the fact that it was Maleficent who was behind the curse. Everything seemed to be a lie to her. Her aunts were not her true relatives and her parents were alive. She emotionally broke and realized that her world is packed with full of lies. Aurora stumbled to whom she can believe and reach out, so she took a horse to see her father and mother. At the entrance of the palace, Aurora saw large iron thorns which was filled with grief and horror. Darkness over shaded the whole place and she did not feel any bond like the moors. Aurora stood in front of her father and hugged him where she felt the warmth of him that was represented by the hard and cold heavy iron armor. As she asked numerous questions, Stefan asked the servants to lock her up in the room. She broke down, when she came to know about her mother who has died long before. She felt like a caged bird who wanted to ask about her mother to her father who was very strange. She felt a great regret towards the death of her mother and felt like to be held on her arms which would never happen again. She realized all the happenings, anger and disappointments that was directed towards Maleficent. Her curse started to react and Aurora realized that her father didn’t announce her return. She didn’t want to disturb him against his wish and so she wanted to help her finger. She found a spinning wheel to get relieved for a moment and fell asleep eternally. The curse was fulfilled. For Aurora, the palace was not like a home rather it was an odd, dark and caged place with strange people and things. Aurora realized that Maleficent has not done any harm to her. She was sad and dismal of her father who wanted to destroy Maleficent. She was ultimately happy because only the kiss of Maleficent had woke her up to lift the curse. She received the love of a mother through Maleficent. When Maleficent and Stefan waged in a war, Aurora entered into a room where Maleficent’s majestic wings were kept. Aurora was heartbroken to know Maleficent's source of pain and the real motive of her father and so she realized that it was his fault that she was cursed by Maleficent. She used all her strength to push the case that contained the wings in order to make Maleficent regain her power. Thus, Aurora realized the motherly love of Maleficent.

King Stefan

Stefan, as a small boy living in barn entered the realm of the moor hiding inside the bush for taking a stone from the pool and to guard himself from the creatures in the moor. He refused to come out when Balthazar asked him. When Maleficent asked him to come out he was deprived by the creatures of the moor. He criticized their looks by saying in a disposition of resistance in his tone. Here, his thought of judging things by looking at the outer appearance and his act of forgetting to know their true self depicts the human nature which deprives one’s value in recognizing people around them that made to feel shallow of that person. It represents the aftermath of every day real life in this world of judging people.  He also blamed them as they wanted to kill him. It portrays the human kind of thinking which one has as the solution for solving problems in life. Stefan also wished and dreamt to live in a castle when he saw the stone fortress. His self-desire of wanting to go there glowed in his face with a set of determination or motive.  The notion towards the thought of attaining to live there portrayed his life’s desire and the first step towards his ambition. This statement stands as a step for him to enter into the palace after he had a chance to become a king. He cut away Maleficent’s wings which represented her greatest magic inspite of his two years of love because of his ambition and greed to make way to the palace which is his dream. His blindness for power betrayed his love towards Maleficent. Stefan’s realization to live and gain the power in the palace has turned him to be a tragic villain of the novel. His chance to realize his mistake was greater, but he failed to recognize it. Stefan, as a king with majestic look of dark wavy hair, a broad shoulder and a sun-kissed complexion is found trembled with anxiety when Maleficent entered the court on the christening day of his daughter, Aurora. He stopped her because of his guilt of what he has done to her and knew that things were going to become complex and worse. When Maleficent came across him he was surprised from the thought of her power because he has taken away the greatest wings from her but, still he was afraid that Maleficent would avenge him. It is observed that he has realized that he has done wrong to her but does not think of rectifying it. Hatred is the only thing that flopped in his nerves instead of a guilt. When Maleficent bestowed a curse upon Aurora, Stefan started to beg her mortally with pain because of his love and affection towards his new born daughter. It represents Stefan’s betrayal towards Maleficent.  He stood sighed in clenching his jaw which represents a stress or anxiety against the situation which made him not to do anything though he was the king of a fortress. As Stefan asked for a cure, Maleficent pointed out his mistake  to make him realize in a satirical tone to knock out his desire and ambition by saying that only a true kiss can vanish the curse. The action of Stefan to destroy all the spinning wheels in the kingdom made him realize that there is no true love in earth. He did not try to love his daughter or wife truly instead he planned to take Maleficent faraway. He did not have the confidence in him to love oneself truly. This version of Stefan is set in a pessimistic way where he always neglected the goodness in his path. When Maleficent came to save Aurora, Stefan ordered the soldiers to kill Maleficent without any gratitude. This attitude depicts the cruel beast like nature of Stefan. His aim to live in the fortress paved way to gain the throne to kill Maleficent. Even though he got a chance to kill Maleficent, he did not perform it because of the prick in his conscience. His humane nature, made him to leave Maleficent alive. His greediness, thinking, and realization made him to be a character of ambition.

 King James

James was the king of human kingdom. He is the father of Princess Leila and the grandfather of Aurora. He seemed to be very powerful in nature. His ambitious nature reveals the fact that he wanted the humans to be powerful. This can be seen when he promised to give his throne to the one who killed Maleficent.

Prince Phillip

            Phillip was the prince of Ulstead and son of King John and Queen Ingrith. He met princess Aurora in the forest whom he fell in love at first sight. Everyone including Maleficent realized him as the true love of Aurora. Maleficent brought him to the king’s castle in order to wake Aurora from her eternal sleep.

Queen Leila

Leila is the wife of King Stefan. She is a kind hearted queen. She understands the situation and decided to make her child stay away from her to be safe.

Robin

Robin is the old folklore faerie who assisted Maleficent in everything she did. He reveals the history of Maleficent’s parents in the novel. He acted as a guardian of Maleficent at the beginning of the novel. He hated humans and he also realized that humans are selfish and greedy in nature. He always doubted Stefan’s love towards Maleficent. He admired and appreciated Maleficent’s actions at the same time, he felt sorry for the character change in Maleficent while she undergoes betrayal of Stefan’s love.

Diaval

Diaval is the faithful friend of Maleficent. At first, Maleficent rescued a raven from a trouble and later transformed it into a man. She named him as Diaval. Diaval was regarded as the caretaker and loyal servant of Maleficent. He served as the wings of Maleficent  throughout the novel. Diaval was a good looking tall man and his face was full of markings with feather’s cut. Diaval's relationship with Maleficent started when she faced the betrayal of Stefan. Maleficent turned Diaval into a human so that she would be able to converse with him. Diaval also looked after Aurora with more care as Maleficent. When Aurora met Prince Philip, Diaval was the one who realized him as her true love and felt happy that the curse of Aurora was going to end soon.

Hermia and Lysander

Hermia was a beautiful faerie with long and dark hair. She also had beautiful wings. Lysander was a person who admired nature which reflects in the character of his daughter, Maleficent. They wished to create a peaceful environment in which their daughter would grow. They wanted to have a friendly relationship with humans. They lived in a fair folk which was filled with harmony of nature. It was a magical place of wealth. Since they had a cordial relationship with humans, their daughter Maleficent too had a strong faith towards human and longed to speak with them. On contrary to their thoughts, the humans killed Hermia and Lysander and so Maleficent became an orphan.

Knotgrass

Knotgrass is the eldest pixie among the trio pixies. She has a strict and stern behaviour. She considered herself to be superior than the other two pixies. Even though she was harsh in nature she cared about the other pixies, Flittle and Thistlewit. After Maleficent transformed herself from the guardian faerie to evil faerie, these three pixies got out of the Moors and decided to live a luxurious life in the castle. On the christening of the baby princess Aurora, all the three faeries were frightened of Aurora but Knotgrass came forward to protect Aurora and warned Maleficent not to come close to the baby. Even though she knew that her efforts are inadequate to stop Maleficent from harming the baby, she volunteered herself to save the baby. Thus, she is courageous in nature. After the malediction, the king ordered the pixies to take-away the baby where Maleficent could not find and not to bring her back before completing her sixteenth birthday. He also asked them not to use their powers. They were so disciplined that even after knowing that the king cannot find them, they did not use their powers. Knotgrass may have a cold character but she had many good virtues that everyone should possess.

Thistlewit

Thistlewit is one of the pixie who is very cheerful and spoke from her heart without even thinking. The three pixies decided to gift baby Aurora. But when Thistlewit was about to give her magical wish, Maleficent came and prevented her from giving the wish. Actually, her magical wish for baby Aurora was to find her true love but, it all spoiled because of Maleficent. Thistlewit realized that being pixies, they cannot take care of Aurora well and so they decided to transform themselves into humans.

Flittle

Flittle looked to be the oldest pixie. She had brown hair. She was quite hard in nature and very serious in looking but she also had a kind behaviour. Flittle was the one who wished Aurora that every day of her life would be filled with happiness. Flittle was also known as the blue fairy.

Themes

Feminism and Ecofeminism

            This novel mainly revolves around the theme of feminism and Ecofeminism. Maleficent started to take revenge on Stefan due to his betrayal. She raised her voice against King Stefan and King James, Maleficent and Aurora acts as the ecofeminists of the novel. They care and protect the nature. They held responsibility towards nature. They wanted to conserve nature throughout their life. They are devoted in protecting the Moors and this shows their concern towards nature. Maleficent was betrayed by Stefan but she did not fail to protect the Moors. Aurora loved the Moors though she became aware about her past. Thus, Nature plays a dominant role in the life of Maleficent and Aurora. Maleficent and Aurora are considered to be feminists because they did not want to be confined by the actions of their male counterparts. They stood for justice throughout the novel.

Destruction of Nature

            Nature is destroyed by the human beings whereas the faeries who are superficial in nature gave importance in conserving nature. This novel is written by the author to represent the human beings attitude towards the environment. It represents the world’s attitude or responsibility that it held towards nature. Humans are selfish in gaining power. They are not concerned about the world and its resources that makes them to live their life.

Self Realization

Many characters undergo self realization in this novel. The novel is a modern live action adaption of the folktale. In this novel, the people try to realize and understand that the evil can be destroyed only by love and forgiveness. The word Repentance plays a major role in every part of the novel. It also provides forgiving moments between the characters. Maleficent is adored for both her villainous and heroic side. The act of Self Realization started to emerge after Maleficent carried out revenge on Aurora’s father, King Stefan by cursing his daughter, Aurora. This act of cruelty developed the virtue of Self Realization in Maleficent which was later shown through her love by acting as a god mother to the same girl she has cursed. King Stefan also underwent some extent dramatic change in the novel Aurora also realized the pain of Maleficent and encourages her to fight with her cruel father at the end of the novel.

Self Actualization

            Maleficent can be called as a Self Actualized leader who protected the Moors. She was provided with all the basic necessities at Moor. She accepted everyone and she treated both the humans and the creatures in the Moor to be equal. We can see that Maleficent is a democratic leader who inspite of the relationship with the humans, stood-up for the Moors, her motherland. She risked her life to protect them. Maleficent’s nature of self acceptance is revealed when she acted as a protector of the Moors. She indeed possessed problem solving skills which made others to improve their lives. She became an independent woman. Thus, the betrayal of Stefan made her to be self fulfilled and self sustained at the end of the novel.

Betrayal

            The most deepest wound that Maleficent experienced in her life was the betrayal of her so called love, Stefan. This pain of disloyalty changed the good faerie to an evil one. Maleficent began to value herself . She realized that she was not in need of Stefan to attain happiness in life and so she transformed into a evil faerie after his betrayal. Thus, the betrayal of Stefan played a pertinent role for change in Maleficent’s life.

Greed Vs. Love

In this novel, the theme of greed is portrayed by King Stefan whereas the theme of love is revealed by Maleficent through Aurora. Stefan betrayed Maleficent’s love because of his greed to gain the throne. Though he had love towards his daughter, he did not want to lose his throne at any cause. Maleficent cursed Aurora but she was not angry on her though she was Stefan’s daughter. She took care of Aurora. Maleficent taught Aurora new things about moors everyday. She also accepted Aurora’s love towards her and acted as her faerie Godmother. Maleficent’s unconditional love towards Aurora is revealed throughout out the novel.The true love’s kiss of Maleficent made Aurora to wake up from the deadly sleep.

Ambition

            King James gave importance to ambition in his life. He raged many wars against the moors. He wanted to capture the moors. Stefan betrayed his love towards Maleficent by cutting her wings in order to become the king of the human kingdom. This shows his ambitious nature. He was not ready to lose his throne at any cause in the novel.

Good Vs. Evil

“For all the 'good' and all the 'bad' creatures in the world. For as the saying goes, the difference between a hero and a villain often depends on perspective”. We can understand that the characters undergo self realization in their life which makes them to become a good or a evil person at the end of the novel. Goodness and Justice is always rewarded.

 Symbols

Needle of the spinning spindle wheel

Symbol of Maleficent’s curse towards Aurora.

The Moors

Symbol of  Nature and Goodness.

The Human Kingdom

Symbol of Evil, Greed, Destruction, Selfishness and Ambition.

Wings of Maleficent

Symbol of great power.

Maleficent’s Shadow

Symbol of love, care, and affection

Maleficent’s kiss

Symbol of true love.

 Conclusion

The role of Feminism and Ecofeminism in the novel

Elizabeth Rudnick tries to describe how women can be induced easily by love. She has also described how disappointment and an act of betrayal can lead a person to live a rude and unhappy life. Maleficent is described as the protagonist of the novel. She can also be considered as a round and dynamic character who is feministic in nature. She started to realize that there must be good human who can save the nature and so she considers Aurora to be one of the best ones to save nature. Throughout the novel, Maleficent begins to realize and change herself as she regrets her mistakes. Aurora also plays a role of ecofeminist throughout the novel. She loves to spend her time in Moors rather in the Human kingdom which inturn makes Maleficent to crown her as the Queen of Moors at the end of the novel. Thus, the aspect of feminism and Ecofeminism is revealed through Maleficent and Aurora throughout the novel.

Writing Style

In this novel, Elizabeth Rudnick uses a descriptive style in her writing; the construction of characters in her work makes us to see the real world through our own imagination of the place, people, things, concepts, etc. Mostly there is personification of nature through the human characters. Many literary devices are also employed in this fantasy fiction. Here, the author describes the reality of the society as a story. Usage of language is very simple with appropriate diction and familiar vocabulary. The tone of the novel is very emotional reaching out to various optimistic emotions and also has a perspective to lot of thoughts. The mode of the novel varies from in different ways that primarily ranges from feeling excited to frustration followed by an elation to enragement that is further experienced by a sudden change of happiness, peace and surprise. Thus, we could see a lot of mode change in the novel. The narration is done by both the characters and the narrator. The narrator also changes the story by including some parts but at the same time all the point of view of the characters are shown in a well-versed manner. This novel consists of five parts with twenty chapters to understand the story more clearly as well as to understand the story of different characters elaborately in order to avoid confusion. The story is ended with a happy note where the readers are inspired to learn a lot of morales. Theme is conveyed in a larger scale where we can find that true love exists and it does not expect anything in return. We can explore a lot of transformation in the characters because of betrayal, revenge and hatred but all got pacified through love which made the negative qualities to become immoral in the novel. The sentences were short and concise which makes it even more comprehend to read. Most importantly the story is written in active voice which does not make the sentence complicated and is more directed.

Moral

  • Women are suppressed by men in the society. They raise their voice to become empowered beings of the society.
  • Women should carry out the responsibility of protecting nature.
  • Every individual in the society has a duty to preserve the environment.
  • Women should have an autonomous life to become self-actualized individuals of the society.
  •  Bitter Experiences bring change in an individual.
  • Ambition and Greed can mark one’s downfall in life.

 

 

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